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NEW QUESTION # 163
Which two statements describe an IP fabric? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
An IP fabric is a network topology designed to provide a scalable, low-latency architecture that is typically implemented in modern data centers. It uses spine and leaf switches and enables efficient traffic load sharing across the network.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Spine-Leaf Architecture:
Leaf Devices: These switches connect to servers and edge devices within the data center. Each leaf switch connects to every spine switch.
Spine Devices: These high-performance switches interconnect all the leaf switches. There are no direct connections between leaf switches or spine switches. This architecture ensures that any two endpoints within the fabric are only one hop away from each other, minimizing latency.
Traffic Load Sharing:
An IP fabric leverages Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP) to distribute traffic evenly across all available paths between leaf and spine switches, providing effective load balancing. This ensures that no single link becomes a bottleneck and that traffic is distributed efficiently across the network. Juniper Reference: Juniper provides QFX Series switches optimized for IP fabric topologies, allowing for scalable deployments in modern data centers.
EVPN-VXLAN: Often used in IP fabrics to extend Layer 2 services across the fabric with Layer 3 underlay, enabling both efficient routing and bridging.
NEW QUESTION # 164
Exhibit:
Referring to the exhibit, at which interval will the interface be considered down if no hello packets are received?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The exhibit shows the configuration of Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for OSPF on interface xe-0/0/4.0, with the following parameters: minimum-interval: 400 milliseconds multiplier: 5 Step-by-Step Breakdown:
BFD Liveness Detection:
BFD is used to detect link failures at sub-second intervals, providing faster convergence times for routing protocols like OSPF. The minimum-interval is the time between BFD control packets (in milliseconds), and the multiplier indicates how many missed BFD packets trigger a failure.
Calculating Failure Detection Time:
The failure detection interval is calculated as:
Failure Interval=minimum-interval×multiplier ext{Failure Interval} = ext{minimum-interval} imes ext{multiplier}Failure Interval=minimum-interval×multiplier In this case:
400milliseconds×5=2000 milliseconds(2seconds)400 , ext{milliseconds} imes 5 = 2000 , ext{milliseconds} (2 seconds)400milliseconds×5=2000milliseconds(2seconds) Conclusion:
If no BFD control packets are received within 2000 milliseconds (2 seconds), the interface will be considered down, triggering OSPF to recalculate routes. Juniper Reference: BFD Configuration: BFD parameters such as minimum-interval and multiplier are used to fine-tune the failure detection time for faster convergence.
NEW QUESTION # 165
Martian addresses are:
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 166
You are troubleshooting a downed BGP session.
Referring to the exhibit, what is the cause of the problem?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The BGP session in the exhibit shows the state as Connect, which indicates that the TCP session between the BGP peers has not been fully established. Step-by-Step Breakdown:
BGP State "Connect":
The Connect state is the second stage in the BGP finite state machine (FSM). At this stage, BGP is trying to establish a TCP session with the peer, but the session has not yet been successfully established.
A successful TCP three-way handshake (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK) is required before BGP can progress to the OpenSent state, where the peers exchange BGP Open messages.
Possible Causes:
A firewall blocking TCP port 179.
Incorrect IP addresses or network connectivity issues between the BGP peers. Juniper Reference: BGP Troubleshooting: In Junos, if a BGP session is stuck in the Connect state, the issue is likely due to a failure in establishing the underlying TCP connection.
NEW QUESTION # 167
Which static routing parameter will silently drop the packet if it is set as the next hop?
Answer: D
Explanation:
When the discard option is configured as the next hop for a static route, it silently drops any packets that match the route without sending any notification to the sender.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Discard Behavior:
If a route uses the discard next hop, the router drops the packet without generating any ICMP message or error back to the sender. This is useful for creating null routes to prevent routing loops or blackhole traffic intentionally.
Reject vs. Discard:
The reject next hop, in contrast, drops the packet but sends an ICMP Destination Unreachable message back to the source.
Juniper
Reference: Static Route Behavior: In Junos, the discard option ensures packets matching a static route are dropped silently, providing a way to discard traffic without alerting the source.
NEW QUESTION # 168
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